Diseases of the cardiovascular System, characteristics of care

Diseases of the cardiovascular system: characteristics and careThe cardiovascular System is to supply the entire body with oxygen and nutrients responsible. Diseases of this system are among the most common causes of death worldwide and require adequate care and prevention.Common disorders and their characteristicsAmong the most important diseases of the circulatory system:Coronary heart disease (CHD): it is caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis. Typical symptoms of Angina pectoris (chest pain), shortness of breath and fatigue during physical exertion.Heart failure: In this disease, the heart loses its pumpability, which leads to fluid retention in the body. Characteristics Edema (particularly in the legs), dyspnea (shortness of breath), fatigue, and weight gain due to water accumulation.Hypertension (high blood pressure): A permanently elevated blood pressure is damaging in the long term, heart, kidneys and blood vessels. Often the disease is initially asymptomatic; possible signs include headache, dizziness, and vision problems.Arrhythmias: disturbances of the heart rhythm can knock of the heart, dizziness, loss of consciousness, or even sudden cardiac death run.Stroke (apoplexy): It is produced by a closure or a tear in a blood vessel in the brain. Acute symptoms include facial paralysis, speech disorders, paralysis of one side of the body and sudden blurred vision.Nursing InterventionsThe patients with cardiovascular diseases require a comprehensive and individual care, the following aspects:Regular Monitoring of vital parameters: — measurement of blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, and respiration. In heart failure, the daily weight control is important in order to detect fluid accumulation at an early stage.Medication management: ensuring regular and correct use of medication (e.g., antihypertensives, diuretics, anticoagulants) as well as monitoring for side effects.Nutrition advice: reduction of salt, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. The recommendation of a heart-healthy diet, according to the pattern of the Mediterranean diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and unsaturated fats).Promoting physical activity: Individually graded physical activity (e.g. walking, rehabilitation programs) to strengthen the cardiovascular performance and weight reduction.Psycho-social support: education about the disease, stress management techniques and support for lifestyle change. The members include, in order to enable a sustainable life-style change.Education for emergency care: training of patients and relatives for the detection of emergency symptoms (e.g., severe chest pain, severe shortness of breath) and correct conduct (112).PreventionEffective prevention of cardiovascular diseases includes the influence of risk factors:Giving up SmokingRegular physical activity (at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week)Healthy DietNormalization of blood pressure and cholesterol levelsControl of Diabetes mellitusStress reduction and adequate sleepSummaryHe's diseases of the cardiovascular system have diverse characteristics and require a differentiated, patient-oriented care. Through a combined strategy of medical therapy, nursing care, and prevention measures of the quality of life can be significantly improved, and the progression of the disease slow them down.

Minsan, dinadagdagan ng doktor ang base na therapy (mga gamot na kailangang inumin araw-araw) ng mga gamot na iniinom kapag may krisis, kapag ang presyon ay sobrang taas at biglang tumaas. At ang dosis ay pinipili rin nang napaka-indibidwal. Kaya imposible na sabihin kung alin ang pinakamahusay na gamot sa presyon, sa bawat kaso ay magkakaroon ng sariling kombinasyon na bagay sa iyo. Diseases of the cardiovascular System, characteristics of care. If you have disturbed sleep, fatigue, disorientation, confusion, or nervousness, it's time to monitor your blood pressure. Either lack of sleep or too much sleeping might mean your blood pressure is high or low. If it’s left untreated, you will soon face an onslaught of multiple illnesses.

Cardiovascular Diseases Clinic

Medicines for high blood pressure 2

Evaluation of drugs for high blood pressure

A medicine against high blood pressure Cardio Balance

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What are the medications for high blood pressure?High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is a chronic condition in which the blood pressure in the arterial system is the vessel permanently increased. According to the recommendations of the European society of cardiology (ESC) is a blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg as pathological. Without adequate treatment, hypertension can lead to serious complications, including heart attack, stroke, and kidney damage.Drug Therapy OptionsThe treatment of high blood pressure usually includes lifestyle-related measures (e.g., weight reduction, salt reduction, physical activity), as well as the administration of antihypertensive agents. The most important groups of Drugs are:ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin‑converting enzyme inhibitors):Inhibit the formation of Angiotensin II, which leads to a dilation of the blood vessels. Examples: Enalapril, Ramipril.Mechanism of action: Blockade of the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II → reduction of peripheral vascular resistance.AT1‑receptor blockers (Sartans):Similar effect as ACE inhibitors, however, by direct Blockade of the Angiotensin II receptors. Examples: Losartan, Valsartan.Advantage: Fewer side effects (e.g., less cough than ACE inhibitors).Calcium antagonists:Block the influx of Calcium into the smooth muscle of the vascular wall, which leads to vasodilation. Sub-groups:Dihydropyridines (e.g., amlodipine)Non‑dihydropyridines (e.g., Verapamil, Diltiazem).Beta-blockers:Reduce ejection and the heart rate and the Heart, by blocking the β‑adrenergic receptors. Examples: Metoprolol, Bisoprolol.Use in patients with heart failure or after myocardial infarction.Diuretics (Urine Driver):Increase the excretion of water and salt through the kidneys, which reduces the volume of blood. Types:Thiazides (eg, hydrochlorothiazide)Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)Potassium-saving (e.g., spironolactone).Aldosterone antagonists:For example, spironolactone and Eplerenone. Particularly effective in resistant hypertension and in congestive heart failure.Treatment strategyOften, a combination therapy of two or more groups of active substances is used, the blood pressure effectively. The ESC guidelines recommend, for example, as a first-line therapy:a combination of an ACE inhibitor or Sartan with a calcium antagonist or a thiazide diuretic.Side effects and customizationEach class of drugs, has potential side effects:ACE‑inhibitors: cough, HyperkalemiaCalcium antagonists: Edema, redness of the faceBeta-Blockers: Bradycardia, FatigueDiuretics: Electrolyte Disorders, Uric Acid IncreaseThe choice of drugs depends on:the individual risk profile (e.g., Diabetes, renal function)concomitant diseases (e.g., congestive heart failure, Asthma)Compatibility and cost.ConclusionThe pharmacotherapy of hypertension is diverse and well studied. An individually tailored, evidence-based treatment provides an effective reduction in blood pressure and reduces the risk for cardiovascular events. Regular checks and patient education are crucial for the success of the therapy.Would you like me to make a certain section in greater detail or further Details about a specific group of drugs add?